Despite advances in connectivity, disparities between urban and rural areas persist, reflecting socio-economic challenges that limit access to technology. In 2021, 18.4% of the urban population did not use the internet, while in rural areas, this percentage rose to 43.5%, equivalent to 21% of the population.

The healthcare system is divided into two sectors: public and private. The public sector includes institutions such as IMSS, ISSSTE, the Ministry of Health, PEMEX, SEMAR, and SEDENA. The private sector encompasses insurance companies and service providers in pharmacies, clinics, and private hospitals. Formal workers are affiliated with IMSS. Parallel institutions exist for federal or state government employees, PEMEX, and the military (SEDENA).   The fragmentation of the healthcare sector has resulted in a lack of coordination and effective collaboration between different parts of the healthcare system, making equitable access to healthcare challenging and potentially hindering the implementation of digital solutions in healthcare.

Divergent policy agendas and a lack of understanding of the economic benefits of digital health have hindered the creation of a coherent and unified approach to health digitalization towards a long-term vision. Currently there is no legislative and regulatory framework or incentive structure to encourage collaboration between sectors.